The following is a guest post by Jai-Len Williams, a foreign law intern in the Global Legal Research Directorate of the Law Library of Congress.
On July 1, 2024, category four Hurricane Beryl devastated the multi-island state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The livelihood of the Vincentian people, especially in the Southern Grenadines islands of Union Island, Mayreau, and Canouan, was severely impacted. Today, families are still displaced and recovery efforts are ongoing.
The impact on the ecosystem is also of concern. On the Grenadine island of Union Island, there lives a rare, bejeweled, and beautiful lizard called the Union Island Gecko (Gonatodes daudini), also known as the Grenadines clawed gecko. It was described as “wholly irreplaceable” by the Caribbean Natural Resources Institute in their report titled “The Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot.” From its discovery in 2005, the Union Island Gecko was so named because it is only known to live in about 123 acres (50 hectares) of the Chatham Bay Forest area of Union Island. It is not only unique but also tiny, as it is considered to be about the size of a paperclip. It is listed as “Critically Endangered” by the IUN Red List. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1987 protects wildlife from being removed from St Vincent and the Grenadines. However, there was no protection on the gecko under international law. In 2019, at the 18 Meeting of the Conference of the Parties in Geneva Switzerland, a decision was taken for the endemic lizard to be added to Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) to protect its survival, prevent over-harvesting for the international pet trade, and destruction of its habitat.
Over the years, with assistance from residents and local, regional and international organizations, including the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Forestry Department, the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Environmental Fund, the Union Island Environment Alliance, the Caribbean Biodiversity Fund, Fauna & Floral, Virginia Zoo, Re:Wild, the BBC, National Geographic, Disney Conservation Fund, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the conservatory efforts reaped the reward of an increase in the gecko population. According to a 2022 survey, there was an 80% increase in the population of the Union Island Gecko.
However, due to the devastating impacts of the recent passage of Hurricane Beryl on Union Island, as of July 2024, according to the Director of Forestry, Fitzgerald Providence, the Chatham Bay Forest area was seen to have total defoliation and the status of the Union Island gecko population is unknown. After the recent assessment carried out by the forestry department, Wildlife supervisor Glenroy Gaymes stated that with the forest destruction, the gecko is impacted, as it has shown signs of distress and habitat disruption. As a result, the forestry department is looking at the way forward, which is to mitigate the impact by restoring the gecko’s habitat, community engagement and monitoring programs.
Another endemic specie, the Amazona Guildingii—the national bird of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has also had its fate tested by natural disasters affecting its habitat on mainland Saint Vincent. Most recently, it has suffered from the April 2021 series of explosive eruptions of the La Soufriere volcano. The Amazona Guildingii is an exotic multicolored parrot whose habitat includes the northern forest of the island, near the slopes of the volcano.
The Amazona Guildingii is also listed in Appendix 1 of CITES. According to the Director of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Forestry Department, their assessment showed that while in 2021, there was an Amazona Guildingiiparrot that suffered and later died due to ash inhalation, many of the parrots managed to survive by migrating from the Red Zones to the safer zones.
Long live the Union Island Gecko and the Amazona Guildingii!
For more information on CITES and endangered species protection on a national and international level, please consult the following selected In Custodia Legis resources:
- Elin Hofverberg, Can you Legally Import a Toucan? No, you Probably Cannot (guest post by Elizabeth Boomer, September 20, 2021)
- Jenny Gesley, Grizzly Bears and the Endangered Species Act ( July 28, 2021)
- Hanibal Goitom, Law Library of Congress Report on Regulations Concerning the Private Possession of Big Cats (guest post by Laney Zhang, October 21, 2013)
- Hanibal Goitom, Law Library Report on Wildlife Trafficking and Poaching (April 9, 2013)
- Laney Zhang, Baby Pandas and the Law: In Memory of Mei Xiang’s Cub (September 27, 2012)
