Several cases of suicides after conversations with artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and the ensuing lawsuits for wrongful death in the United States have received worldwide attention over the last few months. Some of these cases were settled in early 2026. Another recent lawsuit in the United States argues that a chatbot’s advice about a medical condition harmed the plaintiff by delaying necessary care.
The Global Legal Research Directorate (GLRD) of the Law Library of Congress recently completed research on whether there are similar foreign cases and what legal obligations and liability rules exist for producers of large language models (LLMs), such as AI chatbots. The report focuses on legislation in the European Union (EU), but it also provides selected information on Australia, Belgium, China, India, Italy, Russia, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom (UK). Providers of online platforms and producers of LLMs that dispense medical advice or provide medical services are subject to various obligations under the law. In particular, they must comply with the obligations contained in specific AI legislation, medical devices law, product liability law, data protection law, online safety law, and labeling requirements, among other things. The report gives an overview of enacted laws, but also addresses proposed reforms to prevent harm and impose liability.
We invite you to review the information provided in our report here.
The report is an addition to the Law Library’s Legal Reports (Publications of the Law Library of Congress) collection, which includes over 4,000 historical and contemporary legal reports covering a variety of jurisdictions, researched and written by foreign law specialists with expertise in each area. To receive alerts when new reports are published, you can subscribe to email updates and the RSS feed for Law Library Reports (click the “subscribe” button on the Law Library’s website). The Law Library also regularly publishes articles related to artificial intelligence, consumer protection, civil liability, and the internet in the Global Legal Monitor.
